Annotation of multiplexer/iso13818ts.1, revision 1.3
1.1 oskar 1: .\" Man page for iso13818ts
2: .\"
3: .\" Copyright (C) 2001, Convergence Integrated Media GmbH
4: .\" Author: Oskar Schirmer
5: .\"
6: .TH iso13818ts 1 "April 30th, 2001" "0.0.2" "Multiplexer"
7: .SH NAME
8: iso13818ts \- multiplexer for ISO 13818 transport streams
9: .SH SYNOPSIS
10: iso13818ts [COMMAND...]
11: .SH DESCRIPTION
12: Generates an ISO 13818-1 conforming transport stream from multiple
13: input streams.
14: The result is sent to \fIstdout\fR,
15: the input streams are read from explicitely opened files.
16: All of the following commands may also be fed to \fIstdin\fR during
17: operation by omitting the leading hyphen (e.g. \fBQ\fR) or
18: double-hyphen (e.g. \fBquit\fR).
19: .TP
20: \fB\-\-help\fR
21: Display this help.
22: .TP
23: \fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
24: Output version information.
25: .TP
26: \fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-quit\fR
27: Quit this program.
28: .TP
29: \fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR [\fIlevel\fR]
30: Verbose mode, \fIlevel\fR = 0..6, default is 2 (providing warnings
31: concerning data errors), initial verbosity is 1 (providing only
32: program errors).
33: .TP
34: \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-pes\fR \fIfile\fR \fItarget_program\fR
35: Open a PES input \fIfile\fR,
36: output the contained stream as \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF).
37: .TP
38: \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-pes\fR \fIfile\fR \fItarget_program\fR \fItarget_stream_id\fR
39: Open a PES input \fIfile\fR,
40: output the contained stream in \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF)
41: with \fItarget_stream_id\fR (recommended range 0xBD..0xFE).
42: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
43: the last previously mentioned file.
44: .TP
45: \fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-ps\fR \fIfile\fR \fItarget_program\fR
46: Open a PS input \fIfile\fR,
47: output the contained program as \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF).
48: .TP
49: \fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-ps\fR \fIfile\fR \fItarget_program\fR \fIsource_stream_id\fR [\fItarget_stream_id\fR]
50: Open a PS input \fIfile\fR,
51: extract the stream with \fIsource_stream_id\fR (range 0x00..0xFF)
52: and output that stream in \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF)
53: with \fItarget_stream_id\fR (recommended range 0xBD..0xFE).
54: If no \fItarget_stream_id\fR is given, \fIsource_stream_id\fR is used instead.
55: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
56: the last previously mentioned file.
57: .TP
58: \fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-ts\fR \fIfile\fR
59: Open a TS input \fIfile\fR,
60: extract all programs from it and output them.
61: Note, that additional SI data is not propagated,
62: see command \fB\-\-si\fR for further information.
63: .TP
64: \fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-ts\fR \fIfile\fR \fIsource_program\fR [\fItarget_program\fR]
65: Open a TS input \fIfile\fR,
66: extract the program \fIsource_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF)
67: and output that program as \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF).
68: If no \fItarget_program\fR is given,
69: don't change the \fIsource_program\fR number.
70: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
71: the last previously mentioned file.
72: .TP
73: \fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-ts\fR \fIfile\fR \fIsource_program\fR \fItarget_program\fR \fIsource_stream_id\fR [\fItarget_stream_id\fR]
74: Open a TS input \fIfile\fR,
75: extract the stream with \fIsource_stream_id\fR (range 0x00..0xFF)
76: from the program \fIsource_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF)
77: and output that stream as \fItarget_stream_id\fR (recommended range 0xBD..0xFE)
78: in program \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF).
79: If no \fItarget_stream_id\fR is given, use \fIsource_stream_id\fR instead.
80: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
81: the last previously mentioned file.
82: .TP
83: \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-close\fR \fIfile\fR
84: Close input \fIfile\fR, as if eof is reached.
85: In combination with \fB\-\-repeat\fR this causes the next repeatition
86: to start immediately.
87: Note, that the input data file is cut of as is, i.e. no attempt
88: is made to close the file on a clean audio or video frame border.
89: .TP
90: \fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR \fIfile1\fR \fIfile2\fR [\fInum\fR]
91: Earmark another \fIfile2\fR to be opened as soon as \fIfile1\fR
92: comes to its end.
93: The appended \fIfile2\fR is foreseen to be repeated \fInum\fR
94: times, default is 1 (see \fB\-\-repeat\fR).
95: Both files must contain the same type of data,
96: as the data of both files is chained without considering clean
97: transition of audio or video sequences.
98: The \fIfile1\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
99: the last previously mentioned file.
100: .TP
101: \fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-file\fR \fIreference_number\fR \fIfile_name\fR
102: The positive \fIreference_number\fR is associated with a \fIfile_name\fR.
103: For all following commands, the \fIreference_number\fR may be
104: used instead of the \fIfile_name\fR. This allows better control
105: over file handles, as the same file may be addressed via different
106: \fIreference_number\fRs.
107: .TP
108: \fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-crop\fR \fItarget_program\fR [\fItarget_stream_id\fR]
109: Delete a stream given by \fItarget_stream_id\fR,
110: or a complete program given by \fItarget_program\fR
111: from the output.
112: The corresponding input file will be closed, if not needed otherwise.
113: .TP
114: \fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repeat\fR \fIfile\fR \fInum\fR
115: Set the repeatition counter for \fIfile\fR to \fInum\fR
116: (or to infinite if \fInum\fR=0).
117: The file will be reset as soon as eof is reached
118: (or it is closed by the command \fB\-\-close\fR).
119: Note, that the file will be reset without considering clean transition
120: of audio or video sequences at the restart point.
121: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
122: the last previously mentioned file.
123: .TP
124: \fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-reopen\fR
125: This command shall precede one of the commands that open a new file
126: (i.e. \fB\-\-pes\fR, \fB\-\-ps\fR or \fB\-\-ts\fR must follow
127: \fIon the same line\fR).
128: The next file will be opened with a new file handle,
129: regardless of whether the same file is yet open or not.
130: .TP
131: \fB\-\-si\fR \fIfile\fR [\fIlower_bound\fR \fIupper_bound\fR]
132: In a TS \fIfile\fR, all TS pakets with PID in the range
133: from \fIlower_bound\fR to \fIupper_bound\fR
134: (possible range 0x0000..0x1FFE, recommended range 0x10..0x1F)
135: inclusive are handled as SI pakets (according to ETSI EN 300 468).
136: These pakets are bypassed and promoted to the output without further handling.
137: If no further data from the \fIfile\fR is in use,
138: the SI pakets are promoted \fIgreedy\fR, i.e. without any timing or delay.
139: If \fIlower_bound\fR and \fIupper_bound\fR are omitted,
140: the special handling of SI pakets is turned off for the given \fIfile\fR.
141: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
142: the last previously mentioned file.
143: .TP
144: \fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-ident\fR \fItransport_stream_id\fR
145: Set the output \fItransport_stream_id\fR (range 0x0000..0xFFFF).
146: .TP
147: \fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-busy\fR [\fInum\fR]
148: Set the busy flag to \fInum\fR (range 0..1, default is 1).
149: Whenever the program has no more data to handle and
150: the busy flag is not set, it stops.
151: .TP
152: \fB\-\-timed\fR
153: Force delay timing, even if solely disk files are in use.
154: If not so, if delay is to be awaited while processing regular files,
155: the delay is skipped instead and timing information in the resulting
156: file is adjusted accordingly.
157: .TP
158: \fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-fpsi\fR \fItime\fR
159: Set the PSI table frequency to \fItime\fR msec
160: (or to infinite if \fItime\fR=0, initial value is infinite).
161: The PAT and PMT will be generated at more or less the given
162: frequency, even if the tables did not change.
163: In any case, the next tables will be generated immediately.
164: .TP
1.2 oskar 165: \fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-statistics\fR \fItime\fR
166: Order output load statistics to be generated about every
167: \fItime\fR msec.
168: Switch off with \fItime\fR=0. The statistics are written
169: to \fIstderr\fR linewise, the following values are calculated:
170: .RS
171: .TP
172: \fInow\fR
173: Internal clock in msec.
174: .TP
175: \fIout\fR
176: Number of bytes written to stdout since last statistics.
177: .TP
178: \fIbuf\fR
179: Number of bytes currently in the output buffers.
180: .TP
181: \fItime\fR
182: Time in msec, for how long the current contents of the
183: output buffers should suffice.
184: .RE
185: .TP
1.1 oskar 186: \fB\-\-badtiming\fR
187: In conjunction with a program stream originating from a DVB-s
188: digital TV receiver card, You might want to automatically
189: correct some of the PCR values produced by that card, to
190: prevent discontinuities in the output.
191: .SH OVERVIEW
192: The multiplexer is designed to run uninterrupted and
193: be controlled via \fIstdin\fR and \fIstderr\fR.
194: It may be invoked interactively with the streams to
195: process given as command line options or with
196: the commands to be processed typed into \fIstdin\fR
197: during operation.
198: The latter type of usage is also designed for use
199: with an user interface front-end, that may
200: translate some GUI input to iso13818ts commands
201: and filter its responses to be presented to the user
202: as appropriate.
203: .P
204: Three different types of input are supported:
205: Paketized elementary streams (PES),
206: Program streams (PS),
207: Transport streams (TS).
208: .P
209: Numeric parameters may be given in decimal (e.g. 31)
210: or in hex (e.g. 0x1F).
211: .SH DETAILS
212: The output file or device does not change throughout the
213: time the program runs. The input files, however, may vary.
214: Also the contents of an input file may vary, but not its
215: type. E.g., a file opened as program stream must contain
216: valid program stream data up to its end (and including
217: any files that are appended to this file with \fB\-\-append\fR).
218: .P
219: All basic PSI is evaluated contiguously, and changes in
220: the configuration (changing PID, etc.) are taken into
1.3 ! frankro 221: account and tracked. Thus a stream should not get lost
1.1 oskar 222: simply because its PID is changed in the middle of the
223: broadcast.
224: .P
225: When remultiplexing a transport stream, the user cannot
226: rely on the original PIDs to be the same in the output stream.
227: Usually output PIDs are different from input PIDs.
228: This is because all basic PSI is composed from scratch for the
229: output stream, with exception of the descriptors.
230: These are not evaluated but only copied and reused
231: as appropriate.
232: .P
233: For each output program one stream within this program
234: must contain PCR time stamps. The strategy in selecting
235: which stream shall carry the PCR is, first see if there
236: is one input stream that contains PCR, if none is found,
237: use the stream for which data packets are found first.
238: Note, that for a simple mono TV program this is not
239: necessarily the video stream.
240: .SH EXAMPLES
241: To convert a program stream file x.PS to a transport stream file x.TS,
242: with program number 42, transport stream id 23
243: and PAT and PMT generated about every half second:
244: .IP
245: $ iso13818ts --fpsi 500 --ident 23 --ps x.PS 42 > x.TS
246: .PP
247: If the program stream doesn't contain correct PSI,
248: the single streams may be extracted one by one. Assuming
249: one video stream (0xE0) and mono audio (0xC0):
250: .IP
251: $ iso13818ts -fpsi 500 --ident 23 --ps x.PS 42 0xE0 --ps = 42 0xC0 > x.TS
252: .PP
253: To bundle two streams originating from video devices and
254: send them out to a streaming device, e.g.:
255: .IP
256: $ iso13818ts -F 500 -P /dev/video0 0x7300 -P /dev/video1 0x7301 > /dev/xdvb0
257: .PP
258: To remultiplex a transport stream containing two TV programs
259: with program numbers 4711 and 4712, with the audio streams (0xC0)
260: of the TV programs exchanged:
261: .IP
262: $ iso13818ts -F 500 --file 1 /dev/rdvb0 --ts 1 4711 4711 0xE0 --ts 1 4712 4712 0xE0 --ts 1 4711 4712 0xC0 --ts 1 4712 4711 0xC0 > /dev/xdvb0
263: .PP
264: To invoke the multiplexer for interactive use, it must
265: be put in all-time-busy-mode. Subsequently, commands can
266: be fed to \fIstdin\fR, e.g. to do the same as with the
267: first example:
268: .IP
269: $ iso13818ts --busy > x.TS
270: .br
271: fpsi 500 ident 23
272: .br
273: ps x.PS 42
274: .PP
275: This instance of the multiplexer will not cease when the
276: end of file in x.PS is reached. To stop the multiplexer,
277: either \fBquit\fR or \fBbusy 0\fR may be typed to \fIstdin\fR.
278: .P
279: To output a movie repeatedly (e.g. seven times):
280: .IP
281: $ iso13818ts -F 500 --ps thepurpleroseofcairo.PS 777 --repeat = 7 > /dev/xdvb0
282: .PP
283: Note, that if during the movie is processed, the command
284: .IP
285: close thepurpleroseofcairo.PS
286: .PP
287: is issued, and supposed it is not yet processed the seventh time,
288: it is not closed, but restarted immediately.
289: .P
290: To concatenate two movies and output them in sequence:
291: .IP
292: $ iso13818ts -F 500 --ps rambo1.PS 789 --append = rambo2.PS > /dev/xdvb0
293: .PP
294: Note, that a file can only be appended to a file, that is
295: yet in use (i.e. being processed). Thus, it is not possible
296: to append a third movie (rambo3.PS) from within the command
297: line. Instead, the processing of the second movie must be
298: awaited, and then the following command can be fed to \fIstdin\fR:
299: .IP
300: append rambo2.PS rambo3.PS
301: .PP
302: To add data from a DSMCC carousel to the output, a DSMCC
303: carousel generator must be started seperately. The carousel
304: must generate the DSMCC data as a series of transport
305: stream packets that contain private sections. The PIDs used by
306: the carousel must be known (e.g. 0x10..0x1F):
307: .IP
308: $ mkfifo dsmcc_pipe
309: .br
310: $ some_dsmcc_carousel ... > dsmcc_pipe &
311: .br
312: $ iso13818ts -F 500 --busy --ts dsmcc_pipe --si = 0x10 0x1F > /dev/xdvb0
313: .br
314: ps x.PS 42
315: .br
316: ps y.PS 43
317: .br
318: \&...
319: .PP
320: .SH "KNOWN PROBLEMS"
321: The program might not work in conjunction with device drivers
322: that do not deliver or accept data unless a first read or write
323: is done on the device. E.g., for a MPEG video data source, that
324: does not produce output without being triggered by being read
325: from, this program will await the readability of the first
326: data infinitely. On the other hand it is obvious that the driver
327: should not encode data as long as there is no application that
328: will read this data.
329: One possibly solution to this dilemma is to patch such a driver
330: to interpret the \fIpoll\fR command as an order for data, thus
331: triggering the read mechanisms. Analogous considerations hold
332: for polling the output device and writing to it.
333: .P
334: Paketized elementary streams do not necessarily contain
335: usable time stamps, so when multiplexing raw PES, streams
336: belonging together may be out of sync. This is especially
337: noteworthy in case streams shall be demultiplexed and then
338: again multiplexed in some way. Results will always be better
339: when this remultiplexing takes place entirely within the
1.3 ! frankro 340: multiplexer, because that way timing information won't get lost.
1.1 oskar 341: .SH BUGS
342: Non-ISO_13818-1 descriptors (private descriptors) in
343: ISO_13818-1 PSI sections are not promoted.
344: .SH "SEE ALSO"
345: .BR ISO\ 13818-1 ,
346: .BR ETSI\ EN\ 300\ 468 .
347: .SH AUTHOR
348: Oskar Schirmer (oskar@convergence.de).
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