Annotation of multiplexer/iso13818ts.1, revision 1.7
1.1 oskar 1: .\" Man page for iso13818ts
2: .\"
3: .\" Copyright (C) 2001, Convergence Integrated Media GmbH
4: .\" Author: Oskar Schirmer
5: .\"
6: .TH iso13818ts 1 "April 30th, 2001" "0.0.2" "Multiplexer"
7: .SH NAME
8: iso13818ts \- multiplexer for ISO 13818 transport streams
9: .SH SYNOPSIS
10: iso13818ts [COMMAND...]
11: .SH DESCRIPTION
12: Generates an ISO 13818-1 conforming transport stream from multiple
13: input streams.
14: The result is sent to \fIstdout\fR,
15: the input streams are read from explicitely opened files.
16: All of the following commands may also be fed to \fIstdin\fR during
17: operation by omitting the leading hyphen (e.g. \fBQ\fR) or
18: double-hyphen (e.g. \fBquit\fR).
19: .TP
20: \fB\-\-help\fR
21: Display this help.
22: .TP
23: \fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
24: Output version information.
25: .TP
26: \fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-quit\fR
27: Quit this program.
28: .TP
29: \fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR [\fIlevel\fR]
30: Verbose mode, \fIlevel\fR = 0..6, default is 2 (providing warnings
31: concerning data errors), initial verbosity is 1 (providing only
32: program errors).
33: .TP
34: \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-pes\fR \fIfile\fR \fItarget_program\fR
35: Open a PES input \fIfile\fR,
36: output the contained stream as \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF).
37: .TP
38: \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-pes\fR \fIfile\fR \fItarget_program\fR \fItarget_stream_id\fR
39: Open a PES input \fIfile\fR,
40: output the contained stream in \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF)
41: with \fItarget_stream_id\fR (recommended range 0xBD..0xFE).
42: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
43: the last previously mentioned file.
44: .TP
45: \fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-ps\fR \fIfile\fR \fItarget_program\fR
46: Open a PS input \fIfile\fR,
47: output the contained program as \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF).
48: .TP
49: \fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-ps\fR \fIfile\fR \fItarget_program\fR \fIsource_stream_id\fR [\fItarget_stream_id\fR]
50: Open a PS input \fIfile\fR,
51: extract the stream with \fIsource_stream_id\fR (range 0x00..0xFF)
52: and output that stream in \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF)
53: with \fItarget_stream_id\fR (recommended range 0xBD..0xFE).
54: If no \fItarget_stream_id\fR is given, \fIsource_stream_id\fR is used instead.
55: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
56: the last previously mentioned file.
57: .TP
58: \fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-ts\fR \fIfile\fR
59: Open a TS input \fIfile\fR,
60: extract all programs from it and output them.
61: Note, that additional SI data is not propagated,
62: see command \fB\-\-si\fR for further information.
63: .TP
64: \fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-ts\fR \fIfile\fR \fIsource_program\fR [\fItarget_program\fR]
65: Open a TS input \fIfile\fR,
66: extract the program \fIsource_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF)
67: and output that program as \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF).
68: If no \fItarget_program\fR is given,
69: don't change the \fIsource_program\fR number.
70: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
71: the last previously mentioned file.
72: .TP
73: \fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-ts\fR \fIfile\fR \fIsource_program\fR \fItarget_program\fR \fIsource_stream_id\fR [\fItarget_stream_id\fR]
74: Open a TS input \fIfile\fR,
75: extract the stream with \fIsource_stream_id\fR (range 0x00..0xFF)
76: from the program \fIsource_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF)
77: and output that stream as \fItarget_stream_id\fR (recommended range 0xBD..0xFE)
78: in program \fItarget_program\fR (range 0x0001..0xFFFF).
79: If no \fItarget_stream_id\fR is given, use \fIsource_stream_id\fR instead.
80: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
81: the last previously mentioned file.
82: .TP
83: \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-close\fR \fIfile\fR
84: Close input \fIfile\fR, as if eof is reached.
85: In combination with \fB\-\-repeat\fR this causes the next repeatition
86: to start immediately.
87: Note, that the input data file is cut of as is, i.e. no attempt
88: is made to close the file on a clean audio or video frame border.
89: .TP
90: \fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR \fIfile1\fR \fIfile2\fR [\fInum\fR]
91: Earmark another \fIfile2\fR to be opened as soon as \fIfile1\fR
92: comes to its end.
93: The appended \fIfile2\fR is foreseen to be repeated \fInum\fR
94: times, default is 1 (see \fB\-\-repeat\fR).
95: Both files must contain the same type of data,
96: as the data of both files is chained without considering clean
97: transition of audio or video sequences.
98: The \fIfile1\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
99: the last previously mentioned file.
100: .TP
101: \fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-file\fR \fIreference_number\fR \fIfile_name\fR
102: The positive \fIreference_number\fR is associated with a \fIfile_name\fR.
103: For all following commands, the \fIreference_number\fR may be
104: used instead of the \fIfile_name\fR. This allows better control
105: over file handles, as the same file may be addressed via different
106: \fIreference_number\fRs.
107: .TP
108: \fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-crop\fR \fItarget_program\fR [\fItarget_stream_id\fR]
109: Delete a stream given by \fItarget_stream_id\fR,
110: or a complete program given by \fItarget_program\fR
111: from the output.
112: The corresponding input file will be closed, if not needed otherwise.
113: .TP
114: \fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repeat\fR \fIfile\fR \fInum\fR
115: Set the repeatition counter for \fIfile\fR to \fInum\fR
116: (or to infinite if \fInum\fR=0).
117: The file will be reset as soon as eof is reached
118: (or it is closed by the command \fB\-\-close\fR).
119: Note, that the file will be reset without considering clean transition
120: of audio or video sequences at the restart point.
121: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
122: the last previously mentioned file.
123: .TP
124: \fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-reopen\fR
125: This command shall precede one of the commands that open a new file
126: (i.e. \fB\-\-pes\fR, \fB\-\-ps\fR or \fB\-\-ts\fR must follow
127: \fIon the same line\fR).
128: The next file will be opened with a new file handle,
129: regardless of whether the same file is yet open or not.
130: .TP
131: \fB\-\-si\fR \fIfile\fR [\fIlower_bound\fR \fIupper_bound\fR]
132: In a TS \fIfile\fR, all TS pakets with PID in the range
133: from \fIlower_bound\fR to \fIupper_bound\fR
134: (possible range 0x0000..0x1FFE, recommended range 0x10..0x1F)
135: inclusive are handled as SI pakets (according to ETSI EN 300 468).
136: These pakets are bypassed and promoted to the output without further handling.
137: If no further data from the \fIfile\fR is in use,
138: the SI pakets are promoted \fIgreedy\fR, i.e. without any timing or delay.
139: If \fIlower_bound\fR and \fIupper_bound\fR are omitted,
140: the special handling of SI pakets is turned off for the given \fIfile\fR.
1.5 oskar 141: \fBNOTE, that the \fIfile\fB must be opened with \-\-ts before!\fR
1.1 oskar 142: The \fIfile\fR may be specified as \fB=\fR to denote
143: the last previously mentioned file.
144: .TP
145: \fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-ident\fR \fItransport_stream_id\fR
146: Set the output \fItransport_stream_id\fR (range 0x0000..0xFFFF).
147: .TP
148: \fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-busy\fR [\fInum\fR]
149: Set the busy flag to \fInum\fR (range 0..1, default is 1).
150: Whenever the program has no more data to handle and
151: the busy flag is not set, it stops.
152: .TP
153: \fB\-\-timed\fR
154: Force delay timing, even if solely disk files are in use.
155: If not so, if delay is to be awaited while processing regular files,
156: the delay is skipped instead and timing information in the resulting
157: file is adjusted accordingly.
158: .TP
159: \fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-fpsi\fR \fItime\fR
160: Set the PSI table frequency to \fItime\fR msec
161: (or to infinite if \fItime\fR=0, initial value is infinite).
162: The PAT and PMT will be generated at more or less the given
163: frequency, even if the tables did not change.
164: In any case, the next tables will be generated immediately.
165: .TP
1.7 ! oskar 166: \fB\-\-trigin\fR \fItime\fR
! 167: Set the input buffer trigger timing to \fItime\fR.
! 168: For any input stream, that is newly opened
! 169: (or has to be retriggered, e.g. due to intermediate emptiness),
! 170: the buffer is triggered for promotion to the splice unit
! 171: with a delay of \fItime\fR msec compared to the time
! 172: of data entrance into the buffer.
! 173: For any stream yet triggered the timing is not changed
! 174: unless retriggering takes place.
! 175: Not affected by this value are the other trigger conditions,
! 176: mainly a certain buffer fullness
! 177: and cotriggering with a corresponding stream that is triggered.
! 178: .TP
! 179: \fB\-\-trigout\fR \fItime\fR
! 180: Set the output buffer trigger timing to \fItime\fR.
! 181: As the output buffer is triggered for promotion to \fIstdout\fR,
! 182: this is done with a delay of \fItime\fR msec compared to the time
! 183: of data entrance into the buffer.
! 184: The new timing is only valid if set before the first triggering
! 185: of the output buffer,
! 186: or if retriggering takes place, e.g. due to intermediate emptiness.
! 187: Not affected by this value is the trigger condition
! 188: of a certain buffer fullness.
! 189: .TP
1.4 oskar 190: \fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-config\fR \fInum\fR
191: Order output configuration of target stream with \fInum\fR=1,
192: switch off with \fInum\fR=0.
193: When switched on, the configuration is printed each time it changes.
194: First, the number of programs is printed,
195: then for each program one line of description and
196: for each stream within that program another line is printed.
197: The following values are compiled:
198: .RS
199: .TP
200: \fIprogs\fR
201: Number of programs in target stream.
202: .TP
203: \fIprog\fR
204: Program number within target stream.
205: .TP
206: \fIpmt\fR
207: PMT PID for the program.
208: .TP
209: \fIpcr\fR
210: PCR PID for the program.
211: .TP
212: \fIstreams\fR
213: Number of streams in the program.
214: .TP
215: \fIstream\fR
216: Stream PID.
217: .TP
218: \fIsid\fR
219: PES stream ID.
220: .TP
221: \fItype\fR
222: Stream type (according to ISO 13818-1 table 2-29).
223: .TP
224: \fIfile\fR
225: Source file contents type (PES=0, PS=1, TS=2).
226: .TP
227: \fIsource\fR
228: Stream index in source file (SID for PS, PID for TS).
229: .TP
230: \fInum\fR
231: Source file reference number (-1 if none).
232: .TP
233: \fIname\fR
234: Source file name.
235: .RE
236: .TP
1.2 oskar 237: \fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-statistics\fR \fItime\fR
238: Order output load statistics to be generated about every
239: \fItime\fR msec.
1.4 oskar 240: Switch off with \fItime\fR=0.
241: The statistics are written to \fIstderr\fR linewise,
242: the following values are calculated:
1.2 oskar 243: .RS
244: .TP
245: \fInow\fR
246: Internal clock in msec.
247: .TP
248: \fIout\fR
1.7 ! oskar 249: Number of bytes written to stdout since last statistics,
! 250: and number of write operations needed.
1.2 oskar 251: .TP
252: \fIbuf\fR
1.7 ! oskar 253: Number of bytes in the output buffers (lower and upper bound).
1.2 oskar 254: .TP
255: \fItime\fR
1.7 ! oskar 256: Time in msec, for how long the contents of the
! 257: output buffers should suffice (lower and upper bound).
! 258: .TP
! 259: \fIburst\fR
! 260: Size of write burst, i.e. number of bytes prepared to
! 261: be written in a single write operation (lower and upper bound).
1.2 oskar 262: .RE
263: .TP
1.1 oskar 264: \fB\-\-badtiming\fR
265: In conjunction with a program stream originating from a DVB-s
266: digital TV receiver card, You might want to automatically
267: correct some of the PCR values produced by that card, to
268: prevent discontinuities in the output.
269: .SH OVERVIEW
270: The multiplexer is designed to run uninterrupted and
271: be controlled via \fIstdin\fR and \fIstderr\fR.
272: It may be invoked interactively with the streams to
273: process given as command line options or with
274: the commands to be processed typed into \fIstdin\fR
275: during operation.
276: The latter type of usage is also designed for use
277: with an user interface front-end, that may
278: translate some GUI input to iso13818ts commands
279: and filter its responses to be presented to the user
280: as appropriate.
281: .P
282: Three different types of input are supported:
283: Paketized elementary streams (PES),
284: Program streams (PS),
285: Transport streams (TS).
286: .P
287: Numeric parameters may be given in decimal (e.g. 31)
288: or in hex (e.g. 0x1F).
289: .SH DETAILS
290: The output file or device does not change throughout the
291: time the program runs. The input files, however, may vary.
292: Also the contents of an input file may vary, but not its
293: type. E.g., a file opened as program stream must contain
294: valid program stream data up to its end (and including
295: any files that are appended to this file with \fB\-\-append\fR).
296: .P
297: All basic PSI is evaluated contiguously, and changes in
298: the configuration (changing PID, etc.) are taken into
1.3 frankro 299: account and tracked. Thus a stream should not get lost
1.1 oskar 300: simply because its PID is changed in the middle of the
301: broadcast.
302: .P
303: When remultiplexing a transport stream, the user cannot
304: rely on the original PIDs to be the same in the output stream.
305: Usually output PIDs are different from input PIDs.
306: This is because all basic PSI is composed from scratch for the
307: output stream, with exception of the descriptors.
308: These are not evaluated but only copied and reused
309: as appropriate.
310: .P
311: For each output program one stream within this program
312: must contain PCR time stamps. The strategy in selecting
313: which stream shall carry the PCR is, first see if there
314: is one input stream that contains PCR, if none is found,
315: use the stream for which data packets are found first.
316: Note, that for a simple mono TV program this is not
317: necessarily the video stream.
318: .SH EXAMPLES
319: To convert a program stream file x.PS to a transport stream file x.TS,
320: with program number 42, transport stream id 23
321: and PAT and PMT generated about every half second:
322: .IP
323: $ iso13818ts --fpsi 500 --ident 23 --ps x.PS 42 > x.TS
324: .PP
325: If the program stream doesn't contain correct PSI,
326: the single streams may be extracted one by one. Assuming
327: one video stream (0xE0) and mono audio (0xC0):
328: .IP
1.7 ! oskar 329: $ iso13818ts --fpsi 500 --ident 23 --ps x.PS 42 0xE0 --ps = 42 0xC0 > x.TS
1.1 oskar 330: .PP
331: To bundle two streams originating from video devices and
332: send them out to a streaming device, e.g.:
333: .IP
334: $ iso13818ts -F 500 -P /dev/video0 0x7300 -P /dev/video1 0x7301 > /dev/xdvb0
335: .PP
336: To remultiplex a transport stream containing two TV programs
337: with program numbers 4711 and 4712, with the audio streams (0xC0)
338: of the TV programs exchanged:
339: .IP
340: $ iso13818ts -F 500 --file 1 /dev/rdvb0 --ts 1 4711 4711 0xE0 --ts 1 4712 4712 0xE0 --ts 1 4711 4712 0xC0 --ts 1 4712 4711 0xC0 > /dev/xdvb0
341: .PP
342: To invoke the multiplexer for interactive use, it must
343: be put in all-time-busy-mode. Subsequently, commands can
344: be fed to \fIstdin\fR, e.g. to do the same as with the
345: first example:
346: .IP
347: $ iso13818ts --busy > x.TS
348: .br
349: fpsi 500 ident 23
350: .br
351: ps x.PS 42
352: .PP
353: This instance of the multiplexer will not cease when the
354: end of file in x.PS is reached. To stop the multiplexer,
355: either \fBquit\fR or \fBbusy 0\fR may be typed to \fIstdin\fR.
356: .P
357: To output a movie repeatedly (e.g. seven times):
358: .IP
359: $ iso13818ts -F 500 --ps thepurpleroseofcairo.PS 777 --repeat = 7 > /dev/xdvb0
360: .PP
361: Note, that if during the movie is processed, the command
362: .IP
363: close thepurpleroseofcairo.PS
364: .PP
365: is issued, and supposed it is not yet processed the seventh time,
366: it is not closed, but restarted immediately.
367: .P
368: To concatenate two movies and output them in sequence:
369: .IP
370: $ iso13818ts -F 500 --ps rambo1.PS 789 --append = rambo2.PS > /dev/xdvb0
371: .PP
372: Note, that a file can only be appended to a file, that is
373: yet in use (i.e. being processed). Thus, it is not possible
374: to append a third movie (rambo3.PS) from within the command
375: line. Instead, the processing of the second movie must be
376: awaited, and then the following command can be fed to \fIstdin\fR:
377: .IP
378: append rambo2.PS rambo3.PS
379: .PP
380: To add data from a DSMCC carousel to the output, a DSMCC
381: carousel generator must be started seperately. The carousel
382: must generate the DSMCC data as a series of transport
383: stream packets that contain private sections. The PIDs used by
1.7 ! oskar 384: the carousel must be known (e.g. 0x10..0x1F). Supposed use of
! 385: the DSMCC carousel data provider \fIrepeatts\fR:
1.1 oskar 386: .IP
387: $ mkfifo dsmcc_pipe
388: .br
1.7 ! oskar 389: $ repeatts 8000 2000 dsmcc_data.TS > dsmcc_pipe &
1.1 oskar 390: .br
391: $ iso13818ts -F 500 --busy --ts dsmcc_pipe --si = 0x10 0x1F > /dev/xdvb0
392: .br
393: ps x.PS 42
394: .br
395: ps y.PS 43
396: .br
397: \&...
398: .PP
399: .SH "KNOWN PROBLEMS"
400: The program might not work in conjunction with device drivers
401: that do not deliver or accept data unless a first read or write
402: is done on the device. E.g., for a MPEG video data source, that
403: does not produce output without being triggered by being read
404: from, this program will await the readability of the first
405: data infinitely. On the other hand it is obvious that the driver
406: should not encode data as long as there is no application that
407: will read this data.
408: One possibly solution to this dilemma is to patch such a driver
409: to interpret the \fIpoll\fR command as an order for data, thus
410: triggering the read mechanisms. Analogous considerations hold
411: for polling the output device and writing to it.
412: .P
413: Paketized elementary streams do not necessarily contain
414: usable time stamps, so when multiplexing raw PES, streams
415: belonging together may be out of sync. This is especially
416: noteworthy in case streams shall be demultiplexed and then
417: again multiplexed in some way. Results will always be better
418: when this remultiplexing takes place entirely within the
1.3 frankro 419: multiplexer, because that way timing information won't get lost.
1.1 oskar 420: .SH BUGS
421: Non-ISO_13818-1 descriptors (private descriptors) in
422: ISO_13818-1 PSI sections are not promoted.
423: .SH "SEE ALSO"
1.6 oskar 424: .BR repeatts (1),
425: .BR iso13818ps (1),
1.1 oskar 426: .BR ISO\ 13818-1 ,
427: .BR ETSI\ EN\ 300\ 468 .
428: .SH AUTHOR
429: Oskar Schirmer (oskar@convergence.de).
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