Frequency modulation: Difference between revisions
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The output voltage of a FM modulator with input voltage <math> u_{in} </math> is described by |
The output voltage of a FM modulator with input voltage <math> u_{in} </math> is described by |
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<center><math> u_{out} = sin(2 \pi (f_{carrier} + u_{in} \cdot \Delta f)) </math></center> |
<center><math> u_{out} = sin(2 \pi (f_{carrier} + u_{in} \cdot \Delta f)) </math></center> |
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where <math> \Delta f </math> is the frequency deviation from the center frequency at <math> u_{in} = 1V </math>. |
where <math> \Delta f </math> is the frequency deviation from the center frequency at <math> u_{in} = 1V </math>. |
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Revision as of 21:40, 28 September 2004
Frequency Modulation is a Modulation Scheme where the incoming signal modulates the frequency of the Carrier Signal by a tiny fraction. Used e.g. in FM Radio.
A variation of Frequency Modulation is sometimes also used for digital Transmissions, this is then called Frequency Shift Keying or FSK-Modulation.
Visualisation
it would be nice to have a gnuplot picture here, is it possible to upload the gnuplot script for toying, too?
Mathematical Setting
The output voltage of a FM modulator with input voltage <math> u_{in} </math> is described by
where <math> \Delta f </math> is the frequency deviation from the center frequency at <math> u_{in} = 1V </math>.
Aquired Bandwidth
...can be determined using Carson's Bandwidth Rule: two times sum of the peak deviation <math> \Delta f </math> from the highest frequency occuring in the spectrum of the modulating signal <math> (f_m) </math>:
Noise Immunity
is higher than the one of Amplitude Modulation Schemes since athmospheric disturbances and noise usually don't shift the frequency of a signal but add their contribution to the amplitude of the transmitted signal. Amplitude variations don't affect FM much.